APA Dictionary of Psychology

the condition in a child of having excess body fat, defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a body mass index that is at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. It is considered a medical condition and increases the risks for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels, which persist into adulthood, and is also associated with stress, depression, low self-esteem, and mistreatment by age peers. Contributing factors may include genetic susceptibility, prenatal influences, sleep patterns, dietary quality, physical activity opportunities, chronic stress, exposure to weight stigma, marketing of energy-dense foods, neighborhood safety, and structural inequities that affect access to nutritious foods and safe recreational spaces.

Current approaches emphasize supportive, family-centered, and non-stigmatizing strategies that promote overall health rather than weight alone. Evidence-based interventions focus on improving nutrition, increasing enjoyable physical activity, supporting adequate sleep, strengthening self-regulation skills, and addressing social determinants of health, often through coordinated efforts involving families, schools, health professionals, and community programs.

Also called pediatric obesity.