APA Dictionary of Psychology

any of a group of lung diseases, most commonly chronic bronchitis and emphysema, that are characterized by limited airflow with varying degrees of lung-tissue damage and alveolar (air-sac) enlargement. Marked by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, COPD is caused by cigarette smoking, exposure to other irritants and pollutants, lung infections, or genetic factors. Individuals with COPD frequently experience depression, anxiety, and problems with sexual function; they also sometimes have cognitive and neuropsychological difficulties that may be associated with chronic deficiencies of oxygen to the brain. In addition to medical treatments, behavioral interventions (e.g., those that promote smoking cessation and exercise), psychotherapy, and treatment with psychoactive drugs can benefit patients with this condition. Also called chronic obstructive lung disease.