difficulty in distinguishing left from right and, in some cases, difficulty with other spatial relationships, such as that of
uptown and
downtown. Some directional confusion is common up to the age of 6 or 7, especially during the early stages of reading, writing, and spelling, and also in people with
mixed laterality. Persistent directional confusion may indicate
minimal brain dysfunction or a history of forced conversion from left-handedness to right-handedness.