APA Dictionary of Psychology

a multiple comparisons test used to follow up on an analysis of variance that yields significant results. After obtaining a significant F ratio, a researcher could conclude that at least one pair of samples is significantly different on the dependent variable and then conduct a Duncan multiple range test on pairs of samples to identify that specific pair. The overall Type I error rate would be protected, which would not be the case if separate t tests were conducted on all possible pairs. Other types of procedures for following up a significant analysis of variance include the Scheffé test and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, among others. [David B. Duncan (1917–2006), U.S. biostatistician]