APA Dictionary of Psychology

the study of issues related to femininity, masculinity, sexuality, and LGBTQ+ concerns. Gender research may involve qualitative studies that use focus groups or interviews to understand behavior as well as quantitative analyses that examine potential gender group differences or prediction models. For example, historical research assessed whether there were significant group differences between males and females on math and science performance. More recently, more complex prediction models have been examined to demonstrate that multiple factors are needed to understand performance across all genders, including gender nonconforming and nonbinary individuals, examining factors such as cultural norms and expectations.