APA Dictionary of Psychology

an educational system that focuses on the development of young children’s initiative and emphasizes self-directed learning. The method is characterized by multiage classrooms, a special set of educational materials, student-chosen work in long time blocks, collaboration, the absence of grades and tests, and individual and small group instruction in both academic and social skills. The system was developed in Italy, with the first American school established in 1911. [Maria Montessori]