APA Dictionary of Psychology

an infection transmitted from a pregnant person to the developing fetus during pregnancy, as distinct from perinatal infection, which typically refers to infections acquired during late pregnancy, labor, or delivery. Prenatal infections can include viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, HIV, syphilis, and rubella, while perinatal transmission can involve pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B, and chlamydia. Evidence suggests that some prenatal infections may affect fetal development and could contribute to long-term health or neurodevelopmental outcomes in the child. Prevention and management include education about infection risks, routine screening, timely treatment, vaccination when appropriate, and counseling to support informed decision-making and emotional well-being. Psychological and social support may also be valuable for pregnant individuals navigating the stress and potential impact of a prenatal infection on themselves and their child.