APA Dictionary of Psychology

in regression analysis, a standardized statistic describing the variation between obtained and predicted values. It is calculated by obtaining the difference between the empirical value of an observation and the value of that observation predicted by a model, and then dividing that difference (called a residual) by an estimated standard deviation. Studentized residuals are used to identify regression equations that are a poor fit for the observed data. [Student, pseudonym of William S. Gosset]