APA Dictionary of Psychology

n. systematic multiple level observation of groups: a theory and observational system for studying group behavior. The model assumes that group activities and group members can be classified along three dimensions (dominance–submissiveness, friendliness–unfriendliness, and acceptance–nonacceptance of authority) and that groups whose behavioral profiles are characterized by dominance, friendliness, and acceptance of authority usually work together more effectively. See also structured observation. [developed by U.S. social psychologist Robert Freed Bales (1916–2004)]