APA Dictionary of Psychology

n. the condition of being without paid work while actively seeking and available for employment. Often driven by economic downturns, technology or industry changes, skill mismatches, caregiving responsibilities, disability, geographic barriers, or structural inequities, it is measured by the unemployment rate and is a key indicator of overall economic health. Unemployment is associated with increased financial strain, reduced access to resources such as health care, and elevated risk of psychological distress. Prolonged or repeated periods of unemployment are linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes and higher overall mortality risk, reflecting the cumulative effects of economic insecurity, stress, and social disadvantage. —unemployed adj.