APA Dictionary of Psychology

n. a broad term for inflammatory skin conditions that disrupt the skin barrier and immune function. Causes are diverse and include irritants, allergens, genetic susceptibility (e.g., atopic dermatitis), infections, autoimmune processes, environmental exposures, and occupational factors. Symptoms commonly involve redness, itching, dryness, swelling, scaling, or blistering, though presentation varies. Management depends on the underlying cause and typically includes gentle skin care, regular use of emollients, avoidance of triggers when identifiable, and anti-inflammatory treatments such as topical corticosteroids or nonsteroidal agents; more persistent cases may require phototherapy or systemic medications. Because visible skin disease can affect quality of life, sleep, and mental health, supportive care and behavioral health resources may be helpful components of comprehensive treatment (see psychodermatology). The term is often used synonymously with eczema, but the latter term is also occasionally used as a synonym for a subtype called atopic dermatitis. See also neurodermatitis.